Easy and Handy notes for Fundamental Rights in India | Important Notes about Fundamental Rights for Competitive Exams
Fundamental Rights in India is a chart of Rights contained in part-3 of the constitution of India. It ensures Civil Liberties such that Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. And these rights include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before law, freedom of speech and expression, and peaceful assembly, freedom to practice religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights by means of writs such as habeas corpus. If there is any violation regarding these laws it results in punishments as prescribed in the Indian Penal code or other laws.
The candidates who are preparing for competitive exams have to learn these easy and quick notes for Fundamental Rights as many question often are asked from this portion. We are posting these important notes which will be enough for scoring good marks in this section. The Fundamentals rights are Right to Equality, Right of Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Constitutional Remedies, Forms of writs- Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Quo warranto, Certiorari, Prohibition.
Important Notes for Fundamental rights in India
| Right to Equality |
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| Article 14 |
- Equality before law and equal protection of law
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| Article 15 |
- Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of Religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
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| Article 16 |
- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
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| Article 17 |
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| Article 18 |
- Abolition of titles, Military and academic distinctions are however exempted.
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| Right of Freedom |
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| Article 19 |
It guarantees the citizens of India the following six fundamental Freedoms:
- Freedom of Speech & Expressions
- Freedom of Assembly
- Freedom of Movement
- Freedom to form Associations
- Freedom of residence and settlement
- Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business
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| Article 20 |
- Protection in respect of conviction for offences
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| Article 21 |
- Protection of Life and Personal Liberty
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| Article 22 |
- Protection against arrest and detention against certain cases
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| Right Against Exploitation |
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| Article 23 |
- Traffic in Human beings prohibited
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| Article 24 |
- No child below the age of 14 can be employed
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| Article 25 |
- Freedom of conscience and free profession,practice and propagation of religion
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| Article 26 |
- Freedom to manage religious affairs
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| Article 27 |
- Prohibits taxes on religious grounds
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| Article 28 |
- Freedom as to attendence at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutions
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| Cultural and Educational Rights |
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| Article 29 |
- Protection of interests of miniorities
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| Article 30 |
- Right of miniorities to establish and administer educational institutions
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| Article 31 |
- Omitted by the 44th ammendment Act
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| Right to constitutional remedies |
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| Article 32 |
- The right to move the supreme court in case of their violation. (Called as Soul and Heart of Constitution by BR Ambedkar)
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Forms of Writs:
To enforce the Fundamental rights, the Supreme Court has empowered under Article 32 to issue writs of various forms which are defined below.
| Habeas Corpus |
- It means “to have the body” which implies that a person imprisoned or detained by the law can enquire under what authority he has been imprisoned or detained.
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| Mandamus |
- It means a “command” issued by the court commanding a person or a public authority to do or forbear to do something in the nature of public duty.
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| Quo warranto |
- An order issued by the court to prevent a person from holding office to which he is not entitled or out him from that office
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| Certiorari |
- It is a writ, which orders the removal of a suit from an inferior court to a superior court (for speedy justice)
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| Prohibition |
- By a higher court to stop proceedings in a lower court on the ground of over-stepping of jurisdiction or isolation of the rules of natural justice.
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